What process verifies the authenticity of evidence such as documents or recordings?

• A. Authentication
• B. Hearsay
• C. Sanctions
• D. Interrogatories

Answer: (A)

Authentication is the process of proving that a document or recording is what it claims to be and comes from the stated source. Before such evidence can be admitted, a foundation is laid—often through testimony from someone familiar with the document’s origin or custody, and sometimes through recognized methods like official seals or a clear chain of custody for recordings. This helps ensure the court isn’t misled by forged or altered materials and that the item is the genuine piece it represents. For example, a contract may be admitted only after a witness testifies that the signature matches and the document is the original; a recording is authenticated by showing its source and that it hasn’t been tampered with. Hearsay concerns revolve around the truth of out-of-court statements, not the authenticity of the item itself. Sanctions are penalties, and interrogatories are written discovery questions, neither of which establish authenticity.